Bytes Functions and Operators


bytes	Byte sequence
bytes[i]	Bytes indexing.
bytes[from:to]	Bytes slicing.
bytes ++ bytes	Bytes concatenation.
= != ?= ?!= < > <= >=	Comparison operators
len()	Returns the number of bytes.
contains()	Check if the byte sequence contains a subsequence.
find()	Find the index of the first occurrence of a subsequence.
bytes_get_bit()	Get the nth bit of the bytes value.

type

bytes

A sequence of bytes representing raw data.

There’s a special byte literal:


1. db>


1. select b'Hello, world';


1. {b'Hello, world'}


1. db>


1. select b'Hello,\x20world\x01';


1. {b'Hello, world\x01'}

There are also some generic functions that can operate on bytes:


1. db>


1. select contains(b'qwerty', b'42');


1. {false}

It is possible to cast between bytes and json. Bytes are represented as base64 encoded strings in json.:


1. db>


1. select <json>b'Hello EdgeDB!';


1. {"\"SGVsbG8gRWRnZURCIQ==\""}


1. db>


1. select <bytes>to_json("\"SGVsbG8gRWRnZURCIQ==\"");


1. {b'Hello EdgeDB!'}

operator

bytes[i]

bytes [ int64 ] -> bytes

Bytes indexing.

Examples:


1. db>


1. select b'binary \x01\x02\x03\x04 ftw!'[8];


1. {b'\x02'}

operator

bytes[from:to]

bytes [ int64 : int64 ] -> bytes

Bytes slicing.

Examples:


1. db>


1. select b'\x01\x02\x03\x04 ftw!'[2:-1];


1. {b'\x03\x04 ftw'}


1. db>


1. select b'some bytes'[2:-3];


1. {b'me by'}

operator

bytes ++ bytes

bytes ++ bytes -> bytes

Bytes concatenation.


1. db>


1. select b'\x01\x02' ++ b'\x03\x04';


1. {b'\x01\x02\x03\x04'}

function

bytes_get_bit()

std::bytes_get_bit(bytes: bytes, nth: int64) -> int64

Get the nth bit of the bytes value.

When looking for the nth bit, this function enumerates bits from least to most significant in each byte.


1. db>
2. ...
3. ...


1. for n in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
2. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ,14, 15}
3. union bytes_get_bit(b'ab', n);


1. {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0}